Abstract: Biological category is effective to indicate the evolution of organism populations between past and present. Conventional taxonomy of human parasites mainly depends on important morphological features, which suffers from a problem of categorizing related⁃genera species with similar morphological characteristics. With recent advances in molecular biological technologies, the effective applications of mitochondrial and ribosomal biomarkers and sequencing greatly improve the development of the taxonomic rank of human parasites. Worldwide, the classification of human parasites have been continuously revised and improved. Hereby, we re⁃categorize parasitic Protozoa, Trematoda, Cestoda and Nematoda, so as to provide insights into the researches on molecular systematics and genetic evolution of human parasites.

Key words: Human parasite, Protozoa, Trematoda, Cestoda, Nematoda, Taxonomic rank

摘要： 生物学分类可反映过去和现在种群间的进化关系。传统的人体寄生虫分类鉴定主要基于某些重要形态学特征，故在形态学特征相似的近缘物种分类中具有较大局限性。近年来分子生物学技术的发展，尤其是核糖体、线粒体基因等分子标记的有效应用和测序技术的快速发展，极大促进了人体寄生虫分子分类学的发展。国际上有关人体寄生虫分类也在不断修订和完善。本文对人体寄生原虫、吸虫、绦虫和线虫的分类阶元进行了梳理，旨在为研究寄生虫分子系统学和遗传进化提供参考。 　

关键词: 人体寄生虫, 原虫, 吸虫, 绦虫, 线虫, 分类阶元